The abnormal growth of cancerous cells in the skin results in the development of skin cancer. It is a common type of cancer that occurs due to many reasons. Overexposure to sun rays and radiation are a few of the several causes of skin cancer. There are three different types of skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and basal cell carcinoma. The risk of contracting skin cancer can be reduced by avoiding exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Checking your skin for suspicious changes can help detect skin cancer at its earliest stage. Early detection of skin cancer gives you the highest chance for successful skin cancer treatment. 1. What are the symptoms of skin cancer The symptoms and signs of skin cancer depend on the different types of skin cancer in different individuals. Few of the common symptoms include: Pink skin growths or lesions A reddish patch of skin that may itch but is not painful The appearance of a shiny pearly, red, or translucent bump A waxy area with a poorly defined border, resembling a scar Open sores Wart-like growths Painful lesions that burn Presence of a mole that changes color and size 2. What are the types of skin cancer There are mainly four types of skin cancer, including:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a group of neuromuscular disorders that result in the loss of motor neurons. This condition causes progressive muscle wasting and weakness. There are different types of spinal muscle atrophy (SMA), each with their own set of signs and symptoms. SMA is a recessive genetic disorder. As a result, a child will only be prone to this condition if both parents carry the affected genes. The gene affected is the “survival of motor neuron” gene (SMN1 and SMN2). In a majority of the SMA cases, both strains of the SMN1 gene are missing. One has a chance of developing this disease if someone in the family has the condition as well. The symptoms of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) vary according to the types. This disease mainly develops in one’s early childhood. However, both adults and children can develop this disease and exhibit the following symptoms: Muscle weakness and decreased muscle tone Limited mobility Delayed gross and fine motor skills Breathing and respiratory problems Difficulty in eating and swallowing Scoliosis (curvature of the spine) Spontaneous and uncontrolled tongue movements There are mainly four types of spinal muscle atrophy (SMA). They are: 1. Type 1 SMA This is also known as Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and is the most severe type of SMA.

The mucosa is the mucous layer of the stomach where stomach cancer develops. Stomach cancer or gastric cancer is a result of the buildup of abnormal cells in the mucus layer of the stomach. These cells divide exponentially to increase in number. As a result, many types of stomach cancer seem to develop over a period of time. Rates of stomach cancer in the abdominal area are decreasing over the past few years. However, cancer is developing more in the gastroesophageal junction which lies between the cardia and esophagus. 1. Causes of stomach cancer Generally, a mutation in the gene causes cancer cells to develop in a certain part of the body. The mutation helps the cells to grow exponentially which eventually forms tumors. Once the tumor becomes malignant, it starts spreading to other parts of the body. Thus, the main cause of cancer is gene mutation. Another cause of stomach cancer can be related to excessive smoking and the consumption of a diet rich in fats and salty food. Pollution also plays a role in inducing cancers in the human body. 2. Symptoms of stomach cancer The symptoms vary depending on the types of stomach cancer. The signs and symptoms also depend on the severity of the disease.

Thyroid cancer occurs when malignant cells grow uncontrolled in the thyroid gland, which is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck . Gender, age, heredity and exposure to radiation can increase the risk for any of the types of thyroid cancer. The symptoms of thyroid cancer include a lump or swelling in the neck along with trouble swallowing or breathing, hoarseness of voice and pain when swallowing. 1. Testing for thyroid cancer There are tests that help investigate the neck, blood, thyroid to confirm the diagnosis of the various types of thyroid cancer. These tests include one or more of the following: Physical examination and history Laryngoscopy Study of blood hormone Study of blood chemistry Ultrasound CT Scan Fine needle aspiration for the biopsy of the thyroid Surgical biopsy After a diagnosis of cancer, further tests are done to determine the extent of the cancer spread. There are three ways by which cancer spreads through the body, they are the tissue, the lymph system, and blood. This helps to understand the stage to which cancer has advanced. The stage is determined based on the age of the patient and the type of thyroid cancer. 2. Types of thyroid cancer There are different types of thyroid cancer and they are as follows:

The first step to recovery for any disease or condition is acknowledging that there is a problem. Alcohol and substance abuse treatments will work only when the patient realizes that they have a problem that needs to improve. When an individual can recognize the harmful impact of substance abuse on their lives, they can choose from a variety of treatment options. Alcohol and substance abuse treatments will depend on a host of factors such as the kind of addictive disorder, severity, duration of the condition, the effects on the patient, among other factors. It is also necessary to treat any physical problem that may have been triggered because of alcohol or substance abuse. For instance, liver diseases are quite common in people with alcohol abuse problems, while respiratory problems are prevalent in those who have been addicted to cigarettes. The different stages of alcohol and substance abuse treatments are as follows: 1. Detoxification It is usually the very first step in any substance abuse treatment. This stage involves cleansing the body of the substance that has been the cause of abuse and limiting withdrawal reactions. The clinic is going to use medicines for reducing such withdrawal symptoms. 2. Counseling and behavioral therapy This alcohol and substance abuse treatment method can be either in the form of a group session or a one-on-one session.

Bladder cancer is among the most common types of cancer. While the exact cause of the condition is unknown, studies have established certain risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing this cancer. The treatments for bladder cancer vary, depending on the overall health of the patient, stage at which the cancer is diagnosed, and the extent to which the cancer cells have spread. Here is a list of four different types of bladder cancer treatments for low-grade and high-grade bladder tumors: 1. Surgery The goal of surgery is to eliminate cancerous tissue. There are various procedures that can be used for bladder cancer surgery. In a majority of cases, transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) procedure is done to prevent cancer from spreading. In this procedure, a wire is passed into the bladder that destroys the cancer cells. Another type of surgery that the doctors may recommend is the cystectomy. It involves partial or complete removal of the bladder. Depending on the severity of cancer, the doctor may either conduct partial cystectomy or radical cystectomy. If tumors have to the lymph nodes, these might also be removed in a radical cystectomy. After this surgery, the patient will have to go through a neobladder reconstruction procedure for the purpose of urine diversion.

If one wants to understand the causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), then it is essential to understand the disease first. Blood circulation is necessary for the normal functioning of the body. A healthy blood flow is vital as it supplies nutrition and oxygen to the different parts of the body. However, if the blood moves too slowly through the capillaries, then blood clots start to appear. When these clots form deep in the veins of the body, it results in deep vein thrombosis. This condition mainly occurs in the lower limbs and pelvis of the affected person. Details on this condition include the following: 1. Symptoms The study of the different symptoms and signs of this disease can help doctors to find the major causes. However, the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis can differ in different patients. But the basic features of the disease remain the same. Many people report having experienced prolonged pain in their limbs due to this condition. Patients also experience discoloration of the skin on their legs along with a feeling of heat in the lower limbs. 2. Causes of deep vein thrombosis There can be various causes of deep vein thrombosis such as surgery, accidents, injuries, etc.

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, or low libido, is a term used for a lack of interest in sex. Although sexual desires might vary from time to time, with age, during certain periods of hormonal fluctuation (i.e., pregnancy or menopause), and from person to person, low libido might be a matter of concern if it is experienced for an extended period of time. Some of the causes of low libido are: 1. Low levels of testosterone An important male hormone, testosterone is an important factor for sexual desire. Testosterone levels tend to naturally reduce with age and also cause mood swings, reduction in muscle and bone mass, and erectile dysfunction. The treatment options for improved libido varies from person to person. Treatments available for improving low levels of testosterone include intake of oral supplements and application of gels, patches, or testosterone replacement therapy. 2. Medications Medications used for high blood pressure, prostate cancer, antidepressants, and hormonal contraceptives can interfere with one’s desire for sex and are one of the causes of low libido. Regular use of these medications can lower testosterone levels, leading to low libido. Avoiding or changing medications that can cause low libido might help in improving sex drive.

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) is an umbrella term used to refer to all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur due to multiple reasons, and it mainly affects the immune system. The lymphocytes are destroyed due to this disease and it can be fatal. Lymphocytes are a type of WBC (white blood cells) that play a crucial role in the human body. They act as the protectors of the body by recognizing the antigens and killing them effectively. However, this disease destroys these cells, thereby making the body more prone to viruses and pathogens. Researchers have found that non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is associated with several risk factors. But the causes of most lymphomas including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, are still unknown. However, there are a few fundamental risk factors known for most lymphomas. In this case, the significant causes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are: 1. Gene mutations DNA carries the blueprint of the organization of the body. A change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism results in mutations. A gene mutation can occur for a lot of reasons like radiation, pollution, etc. A change in the gene sequence can alter the nature of the cells and turn them into tumor cells.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition that affects the arteries of the lungs and the right side of the heart. In some cases, the capillaries and pulmonary arterioles can become blocked, narrowed, or destroyed. As a result, blood has difficulty flowing through the capillaries, which increases the blood pressure level. Family history and poor lifestyle choices are essential causes and risk factors for this condition. Factors that increase the risk of pulmonary hypertension include the following: 1. Signs of pulmonary hypertension Many people do not demonstrate any symptoms during the early stages of pulmonary hypertension. However, a few common signs of this condition include: Shortness of breath Cough Dizziness A prolonged feeling of fatigue Chest pain Heart failure Heart palpitations Weakness Abdominal swelling, or swelling of the legs, arms, or ankles Cough Chalkiness of the skin at the fingertips 2. Causes and risk factors for pulmonary hypertension There are several causes/risk factors for pulmonary hypertension that vary significantly in patients. People of all races, ages, and ethnic backgrounds can develop this condition because of their lifestyle choices. However, a few common causes/risk factors for pulmonary hypertension are: Obesity and sleep apnea In obstructive sleep apnea, there is a sharp decrease in the level of oxygen during sleep.